When does a building need CFD fire modelling? Common triggers, tenability criteria, the PyroSim/FDS workflow and what a good smoke study report includes.

A 10-part learning series on choosing and using the right fire extinguisher, from fire classes and agent types to placement, PASS, inspection and testing, based on NFPA 10, IS 2190 and EN 3.

A 6-part introduction to FK-5-1-12 (fluoroketone) total-flooding clean agent systems, based on NFPA 2001 (2025) and ISO 14520-5:2024, with a worked 200 m³ electrical room example.

A 9-part learning series on IG-55 (50% nitrogen / 50% argon) total-flooding systems, from first principles to handover and maintenance, built around one worked example: a 328 m³ server room.

A 4-part Fire & Smoke Systems quick guide to sprinkler design, from the basic formulas to a fully worked hydraulic calculation, based on NFPA 13 (2022).

A one-page Fire & Smoke Systems quick guide to fire protection pipe colour codes, referencing IS 2379, ASME A13.1 and the UAE Fire Code.

A one-page Fire & Smoke Systems quick guide to fire hydrant systems, referencing NBC 2016, IS 13039 and NFPA 14 & 24.

A one-page Fire & Smoke Systems quick guide to fire hose reel systems, referencing IS 884, BS EN 671 and NBC 2016.

A one-page Fire & Smoke Systems quick guide to the main sprinkler types and how to select the right one under NFPA 13.

NFPA 37 clause 6.5.4 lists additional safety features for fuel supply to engines, but some do not apply when the tank is refilled from a fuel vehicle. This explains which ones and why.

A common interpretation is that using a clean agent system instead of sprinklers stops a building from being treated as fully sprinklered. This slide set examines the question and explains…

A side-by-side look at NFPA 13, 13R and 13D using a four- to five-storey townhouse as a case study, to help engineers and developers understand which standard applies and why it matters.

An underground pedestrian tunnel is not the same as an underground building. This walkthrough compares the relevant SBC 201 provisions and explains which section should be applied.

An explanation of the minimum and maximum spacing of the closely spaced sprinklers that protect a vertical opening under NFPA 13, and why both limits matter.

How fast does a smoke layer descend in a large space? This slide set walks through a smoke descent analysis based on SFPE methods and how it supports smoke control design.

A topcoat can go over intumescent fireproofing, but only one that is part of, or approved for, the tested and listed coating system. Neither the SBC nor NFPA gives blanket permission for…

These three terms are often used as if they meant the same thing, but they do not. This comparison helps fire engineers and architects choose the right classification route before working…

A fire-rated door keeps a fire compartment intact only when it is fully closed and positively latched. Double-leaf fire doors are common in plant, electrical, mechanical and generator…

A simple experiment: when a sprinkler and a rope are exposed to the same fire, which gives way first? A useful illustration of how quickly a glass-bulb sprinkler responds to heat.

How the Saudi Building Code treats the car garage of a private villa or a hotel villa, including classification and the separation required from the dwelling.